Simulation studies to examine bias and precision of some estimators that use auxiliary information in design-based sampling in forest inventory

New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science

Table 3 Bias (%) in estimates of standard errors of estimates of the population mean in inventory using simple random sampling

Example	Bias in relation to expected values		Bias in relation to actual standard error of simulation means of mean of simulation estimates of standard error
Example	Of actual standard error of simulation means	Of mean of simulation estimates of standard error
Sample size (n) = 100
1	− 0.04	− 0.23	− 0.19
2	0.53	− 0.37	− 0.87
3	0.48	− 0.26	− 0.73
4	0.01	− 0.21	− 0.21
5	− 0.32	− 0.27	0.07
Sample size (n) = 40
1	0.46	− 0.65	− 1.10
2	0.28	− 0.89	− 1.15
3	0.73	− 0.79	− 1.49
4	0.24	− 0.62	− 0.85
5	0.70	− 0.68	− 1.36
Sample size (n) = 10
1	− 0.17	− 2.78	− 2.60
2	− 0.09	− 3.46	− 3.37
3	0.60	− 3.27	− 3.84
4	0.17	− 2.63	− 2.79
5	− 0.23	− 3.05	− 2.81