Table 1 Standing timber insurance taken out by private landowners in specific countries, 2012.

Asia

China

1,000,000

50

Risk

(reforestation cost only)

Fire

Storm

1%

Government pays 90% of premium

Tang, X. (2012, personal communication)

Japan

1,000

<10

Full

Climate

Fire

Geothermal

activity

1-2%

Government forest insurance agency operates through a special government account

Kuboyama, H. (2013, personal communication)

Africa

South Africa

172

13

Full

Fire

Snow

(limited

amount)

1-3.5%

None

Bezuidenhout, R. (2012, personal communication)

Americas

Chile

1,500

60% of planted forests

Full

Fire

1-2%

None

Arana, M.T. (2013, personal communication)

United

States.

<4,000

<3% of all private forests

0.5-1%

None

Zhang, D.

Europe

Denmark

179

50

Risk capped at 3,000 DKK (US$550) ha^-1

Storm

Fire

0.2% to 1%

Insurance a prerequisite for government storm disaster reforestation subsidies of 10-20,000 DKK/ha

Thorsen, B.J. (2012, personal communication)

Finland

6,000

40 (NIPF)

Risk

Fire (80%) Storm (20%)

Finland Forest Owners Association

Munthe-Kaas (2012)

France

700-900

6

Fire

Storm

de Saint-Vincent (2000)

Norway

6,600

35

Full

Fire

(including

insects,

rodents)

Storms

Fire 1-8.5

NOK (or US$0.17 - 1.4) ha^-1;

Storm

0.8-18.3

NOK (or US$0.14-3.4) ha^-1

Skogbrand Forest Insurance (mutual insurance company)

Rørstad, K. (2013, personal communication)

Sweden

11,000

95 (NIPF)

Full

Fire (45%) Storm (55%)

19 SEK( or US$2.9) ha^-1

(Fire only 2-5 SEK or US$0.30 - 0.80 ha^-1; Storm, including

fire 12-58 SEK or US$1.8 - 8.8 ha^-1

Sweden Agricultural and Forest Landowners Association

Munthe-Kaas (2012)

Oceania

New Zealand

580 (59% planted forest)

55-

Full

Fire (65.5%)

Fire and wind (34.5%)

0.345%

Manley and Watt (2009)