Table 3 Stem bending force and deflection at the rope attachment for the trees in the spring and summer stem bending treatments
From: Effect of stem bending and soil moisture on the incidence of resin pockets in radiata pine
Properties | Spring | Summer – water stressed | Summer – released from water stress |
|---|---|---|---|
30% of failure load applied | Â | Â | Â |
Horizontal force, kN | 0.6 a (0.3-0.8) | 0.6 a (0.4-1.0) | 0.6 a (0.4-0.9) |
Bending moment, kNm | 5.3 a (2.7-7.7) | 5.5 a (3.3-9.3) | 5.5 a (3.0-8.1) |
First winch stem deflection, ° | 26 a (14–38) | 13 b (10–18) | 21 ab (11–27) |
Second winch stem deflection, ° | 26 a (13–38) | 13 b (10–19) | 23 ab (11–30) |
Third winch stem deflection, ° | 29 a (11–51) | 11 b (9–16) | 23 a (14–31) |
Fourth winch stem deflection, ° | 31 a (12–56) | 13 b (9–20) | 23 ab (12–32) |
40% of failure load applied | Â | Â | Â |
Horizontal force, kN | Â | 0.8 a (0.5-1.0) | 0.7 a (0.4-1.1) |
Bending moment, kNm | Â | 6.7 a (3.8-9.6) | 6.5 a (3.7-10.4) |
First winch stem deflection, ° |  | 23 a (17–35) | 23 a (15–35) |
Second winch stem deflection, ° |  | 25 a (16–38) | 23 a (17–33) |
Third winch stem deflection, ° |  | 24 a (18–41) | 25 a (20–35) |
Fourth winch stem deflection, ° |  | 25 a (14–45) | 27 a (21–37) |